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Blumberg Memorial Library

Citations

Information on citation and citation management software.

IEEE Editorial Style Manual

The IEEE Editorial Style Manual is used primarily in mathematics, engineering and computer science. 

Resources for IEEE:

Harvard Referencing System

The Harvard Style is often used in humanities as well as natural, social and behavioral sciences, especially in the United Kingdom. "Harvard referencing" is an umbrella term for any referencing style that uses the author's name and year of publication within the text to indicate where you have inserted a source and a bibliography at the end of the document. It is similar to the APA style although there are some minor differences in the content and punctuation of the full citation. There are different guides for the Harvard style.  Ask your instructor for which guide to use. 

AMA Style

The American Medical Association (AMA) style was created by editors of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). AMA style specifies writing and citation styles for scholarly works in medicine. AMA style is internationally recognized and is used throughout disciplines in the health sciences. The AMA Manual of Style was first published in 1963, and is currently in its 11th edition (2020).

CSE Style

The CSE Citation Style—described in Scientific Style and Format—is commonly used in biology and other science subjects. The CSE Manual presents 3 systems for referring to references (also known as citations) within the text of a journal article, book, or other scientific publication: (1) citation–sequence, (2) name–year, and (3) citation–name. These abbreviated references are called in-text references. They refer to a list of references at the end of the document. Ask your instructor for which system to use. 

ACS Style

Developed by the American Chemical Society, this style may be used for research papers in the field of chemistry.

ACM Style

The Association for Computing Machinery publishes the ACM Citation Style and Reference Formats. ACM uses the Chicago Manual of Style for text formatting. 

Other Styles

Beware

  • Generative AI produce hallucinations as citations.  In other words, they are fake.
  • Citations created inside of databases and catalogs sometimes have errors.  Know your capitalization and punctuation rules.